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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1780 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

5 works

March 1525

German

The Twelve Articles of the Peasants

The peasants of Swabia

Twelve demands — to choose their own pastors, to end serfdom, to fish and hunt freely, to have tithes used locally — each supported by a scripture reference.

Western · ManifestoRead elsewhere

2 June 1537

Latin

Sublimis Deus

Pope Paul III · 1468–1549

A bull declaring that the peoples of the Americas are rational beings capable of the faith, must not be enslaved, and are to keep their liberty and property.

Western · BullRead elsewhere

lectures 1539

Latin

On the American Indians

De Indis

Francisco de Vitoria · c. 1483–1546

A dismantling of every justification offered for the conquest — discovery, papal grant, sin, unbelief — concluding that the Indians were true owners of their lands.

Dominican · LecturesRead elsewhere

1550–1551

Latin

In Defence of the Indians

Bartolomé de las Casas · 1484–1566

The argument delivered at Valladolid against Sepúlveda: the peoples of the Americas are rational, their societies ordered, and no one may be made Christian by force.

Dominican · ApologiaRead elsewhere

1552

Spanish

A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies

Bartolomé de las Casas · 1484–1566

A province-by-province catalogue of atrocities against the peoples of the Caribbean and the mainland, addressed to the future Philip II.

Dominican · ReportRead elsewhere