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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1780 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

101–200

The Second Century

1 work

c. 190; survives in fragment

Greek

Letter to Victor of Rome

Polycrates of Ephesus · c. 130–196

A courteous refusal: the churches of Asia will keep Easter on the fourteenth of Nisan as their fathers did, whatever Rome prefers, and Polycrates lists the graves that prove it.

Early Church · LetterRead elsewhere

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 235; recovered at Tura in 1941

Greek

On the Passover

Peri Pascha

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185 – c. 253

An argument that pascha does not mean passion, as everyone was saying, but passage — and that the lamb eaten in haste with the loins girded is the Word consumed by a soul already on the road out.

Alexandrian · TreatiseExodusJohn1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

329–373

Greek

The Festal Letters

Athanasius of Alexandria · c. 296–373

Annual letters announcing the date of Easter and offering pastoral instruction — the thirty-ninth of which lists the books of scripture that may be read in church.

Alexandrian · LettersFull text

401–500

The Fifth Century

2 works

c. 407

Latin

Homilies on the First Epistle of John

In Epistulam Ioannis ad Parthos

Augustine of Hippo · 354 – 430

Ten sermons preached in Easter week on a letter about love, to a congregation split by the Donatist schism. The seventh contains the sentence everything else in Augustine has to be read against: love, and do what you will.

Western · Homilies1 JohnJohnRomans1 CorinthiansFull text

414–442

Greek

The Festal Letters

Cyril of Alexandria · c. 376 – 444

Twenty-nine annual letters announcing the date of Easter and the beginning of the Lenten fast to the churches of Egypt, each expanding into a treatise — on fasting, on the incarnation, on why Jews and Greeks read the same signs differently.

Alexandrian · LettersExodus1 CorinthiansIsaiahJohnRead elsewhere

501–600

The Sixth Century

2 works

525

Latin

The Easter Tables

Dionysius Exiguus · c. 470–c. 544

A continuation of the Alexandrian Easter cycle in which the compiler declined to number years from the persecuting emperor Diocletian and counted instead from the incarnation.

Western · ChronologyRead elsewhere

c. 595–613

Latin

The Letters

Columbanus · c. 543–615

Letters to three popes and to his own monks, defending the Irish Easter calculation and addressing the bishop of Rome with startling directness.

Celtic · LettersRead elsewhere

601–700

The Seventh Century

2 works

c. 630

Greek

The Paschal Chronicle

Chronicon Paschale

Anonymous

A world chronicle from Adam to 628, organised around the Easter cycle, with a detailed eyewitness account of the Avar siege of Constantinople.

Byzantine · ChronicleRead elsewhere

c. 632–633

Latin

Letter on the Paschal Controversy

Cummian · 7th century

An Irish abbot explains why, after a year shut in with the computistical texts, he has abandoned the Irish Easter reckoning for the Roman one.

Celtic · LetterRead elsewhere

701–800

The Eighth Century

2 works

725

Latin

On the Reckoning of Time

De Temporum Ratione

The Venerable Bede · c. 673–735

A complete treatment of time — the day, the moon, the tides, the Easter cycle — closing with a world chronicle and an account of the six ages.

Anglo-Saxon · ChronologyRead elsewhere

c. 730–749

Greek

The Paschal Canon and the Hymns

John of Damascus · c. 675 – c. 749

The canon sung at the Orthodox Easter midnight service — the day of resurrection, let us be radiant, O people — together with the funeral idiomela, which ask what earthly sweetness remains unmixed with grief, and answer that all is weaker than a shadow.

Byzantine · HymnsExodus1 CorinthiansPsalmsJohnRead elsewhere

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

c. 1040

Latin

Victimae Paschali Laudes

Wipo of Burgundy · c. 995–c. 1050

An Easter sequence in dialogue form, asking Mary Magdalene what she saw on the way and letting her answer.

Western · HymnsJohnRead elsewhere