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The Medieval Church · c. 1449–1453

Summa on the Church

Juan de Torquemada · 1388–1468

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What it is

A systematic defence of papal authority against conciliarism, arguing that a council's authority derives from the pope and not the reverse.

Why it lasted

The most thorough papalist ecclesiology of the century, and the argument that finally buried the conciliar movement.

Where to read it

Public domain and free to read in full, though not held here. The archives below have it.

These open a search on each archive rather than a direct link, which is the honest way to point at an edition nobody here has checked line by line.

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