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The Medieval Church · c. 1222–1225, revised 1234

Summa on Penitential Cases

Raymond of Peñafort · c. 1175–1275

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What it is

A confessor's manual sorting sins by kind and circumstance, with detailed treatment of usury, marriage, restitution, and what to do about a penitent who cannot pay back what he stole.

Why it lasted

The founding text of casuistry and the model for every confessors' manual that followed once annual confession became compulsory.

Where to read it

Public domain and free to read in full, though not held here. The archives below have it.

These open a search on each archive rather than a direct link, which is the honest way to point at an edition nobody here has checked line by line.

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