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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1780 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1–100

The First Century

1 work

c. 50–70; reconstructed, no manuscript survives

Greek

The Sayings Gospel Q

Reconstructed

A collection of sayings of Jesus — beatitudes, woes, the Lord's Prayer, the mission charge, the coming judgement — with almost no narrative and no passion account. It exists only as a reconstruction from the material Matthew and Luke share against Mark.

Contested · Sayings collectionMatthewLukeRead elsewhere

101–200

The Second Century

2 works

c. 100–150

Greek, surviving in Coptic

Eugnostos the Blessed

Anonymous

A philosophical letter to disciples, arguing that the three opinions about the world — chance, providence, and fate — are all wrong, and setting out instead an unbegotten Father and the immortal beings unfolding from him.

Gnostic · LetterGenesisColossians1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

c. 150–200

Greek, surviving in Coptic

The Wisdom of Jesus Christ

Sophia Jesu Christi

Anonymous

The risen Saviour appears on a mountain in Galilee as an invisible spirit of light and answers twelve disciples and seven women, delivering the contents of Eugnostos as revelation rather than argument.

Gnostic · DialogueMatthewJohnActs1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

301–400

The Fourth Century

2 works

c. 313–320

Greek

Preparation for the Gospel

Praeparatio Evangelica

Eusebius of Caesarea · c. 260–339

Fifteen books arguing that Christians were right to prefer Hebrew scripture to Greek philosophy, assembled from enormous quotations of pagan authors.

Early Church · ApologyFull text

374–377

Greek

The Medicine Chest

Panarion

Epiphanius of Salamis · c. 315–403

Eighty heresies described and refuted in order, each presented as a snakebite for which the book supplies the antidote, quoting sources now lost.

Early Church · HeresiologyRead elsewhere

501–600

The Sixth Century

1 work

c. 500–530

Latin

The Rule of the Master

Regula Magistri

Anonymous

An enormously detailed and controlling rule for an Italian monastery, prescribing everything from the abbot's absolute authority to who inspects the loaves.

Western Monastic · RuleRead elsewhere

701–800

The Eighth Century

1 work

c. 740–750

Greek

The Sacred Parallels

Sacra Parallela

John of Damascus · c. 675–749

An alphabetical anthology of scriptural and patristic passages arranged by subject, pairing virtues with the vices opposed to them.

Byzantine · AnthologyRead elsewhere

801–900

The Ninth Century

1 work

c. 850

Syriac

The Biblical Commentaries

Ishodad of Merv · 9th century

Commentaries on the whole Bible in the Antiochene manner, preserving the readings of Theodore of Mopsuestia and other authors whose Greek texts were destroyed.

Church of the East · CommentaryRead elsewhere

901–1000

The Tenth Century

2 works

c. 942

Arabic

The Universal History

Kitab al-Unwan

Agapius of Hierapolis · 10th century

A history from creation to the tenth century preserving material from lost Syriac and Greek chronicles, including notices about the first century.

Melkite · ChronicleRead elsewhere

c. 970–1000

Greek

The Suda

Anonymous

Thirty thousand alphabetical entries on words, authors, and events, compiled from earlier lexica and scholia by editors who often did not understand their sources.

Byzantine · EncyclopaediaRead elsewhere

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

27 November 1095; recorded later

Latin

The Sermon at Clermont

Pope Urban II · c. 1035–1099

The appeal that launched the First Crusade, surviving only in five differing accounts written after the expedition succeeded, each shaped by knowing how it turned out.

Western · SermonRead elsewhere

1101–1200

The Twelfth Century

3 works

c. 1125

Latin

Deeds of the Kings of the English

William of Malmesbury · c. 1095–c. 1143

English history from the Saxon settlement to his own day, written by a librarian who compared his sources and said so when he doubted them.

Western · HistoryRead elsewhere

c. 1140–1150

Greek

The Epitome of Histories

John Zonaras · 12th century

A world history from creation to 1118, preserving long stretches of Roman historians whose own texts have since been lost.

Byzantine · ChronicleRead elsewhere

c. 1195

Syriac

The Chronicle

Michael the Syrian · 1126–1199

A world chronicle in parallel columns for sacred and secular events, quoting sources back to the sixth century that survive nowhere else.

Miaphysite · ChronicleRead elsewhere

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

2 works

published 1563

Latin

On Theological Sources

De Locis Theologicis

Melchor Cano · 1509–1560

A ranking of the sources of theological argument — scripture, tradition, councils, fathers, reason, history — and how much weight each can bear.

Dominican · MethodRead elsewhere

recorded 1531–1544; published 1566

German

Table Talk

Tischreden

Martin Luther · 1483–1546

Remarks taken down by students boarding in Luther's house, on theology, marriage, music, his own doubts, his bowels, and the devil.

Lutheran · AnecdotesFull text

1601–1700

The Seventeenth Century

1 work

1664

French

The Life of Vincent de Paul

Louis Abelly · 1604–1691

The first life of Vincent, written four years after his death by a colleague with access to the archives of his congregations.

Western · BiographyRead elsewhere