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The Medieval Church · c. 825; survives in refutation

The Apology Against Theutmir

Claudius of Turin · d. c. 827

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What it is

A bishop defends stripping the images and crosses from the churches of his diocese, arguing that venerating a cross means honouring the instrument of an execution.

Why it lasted

The only Western iconoclast of the Middle Ages, and a position later Protestants would recover independently.

Where to read it

Public domain and free to read in full, though not held here. The archives below have it.

These open a search on each archive rather than a direct link, which is the honest way to point at an edition nobody here has checked line by line.

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